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AT signaling is distinct to that of AT
2024-07-18
AT2 signaling is distinct to that of AT1 (Kaschina and Unger, 2003). As shown here, opposite to the stimulating effect of AT1 signaling, it inhibits apelin secretion. Activation of AT2 receptor, which is also G-protein coupled, is known to decrease cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase
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Because antioxidants have a strong radical
2024-07-18
Because antioxidants have a strong radical scavenging efficiency, a mixture of H2O2 and antioxidants should exhibit a much weaker depolymerization process than H2O2 alone. Therefore, we expected the redox behavior of silver could be affected by the presence of the antioxidant. The schematic diagram
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br Liver specific AHR deficiency and
2024-07-18
Liver-specific AHR deficiency and energy balance In contrast to the amelioration of hepatic steatosis by global AHR deficiency, targeted knockout of Ahr in hepatocytes exacerbated it in B6 mice fed on a high-fat diet, without interfering with body weight gain [21]. This appeared to result from au
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The direction of research then
2024-07-18
The direction of research then turned to investigating the long-term effects of adiponectin on insulin resistance. Adiponectin transgenic mice showed a reduction in insulin resistance and diabetes [5,6], while adiponectin-deficient mice showed mild insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, as wel
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Since the localization of LO depends
2024-07-17
Since the localization of 5-LO depends on phosphorylation, we also analyzed the phosphorylation profile of 5-LO-WT and all isoforms by Western blot using specific E-64d sale against the phosphorylation sites S271 and S523. Whereas phosphorylation at S271 activates the 5-LO, inhibits nuclear export a
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Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that
2024-07-17
Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc
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br Role of autophagy in
2024-07-17
Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa
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In addition to pH regulation by ion
2024-07-17
In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa
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br Conclusion br Introduction The identification
2024-07-17
Conclusion Introduction The identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and their ability to measure pathology antemortem has led to a fundamental reconsideration of the pathogenesis of AD. The importance of biomarkers was already reflected in revised diagnostic criteria proposed by
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Aldose reductase ALR EC the first enzyme
2024-07-17
Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi
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To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR sub
2024-07-16
To further clarify the vascular cell types expressing AR subtypes, double immunofluorescence staining for ARs and vascular endothelial 4-P-PDOT synthesis or vascular smooth muscles was performed. As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, overlay images show the expression of all ARs subtypes that we examined in
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AdipoR and AdipoR have been reported to be
2024-07-16
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 have been reported to be present in almost all type of tissues and low nmda receptor antagonist levels have been observed in white adipose tissue (Inukai et al., 2005). These receptors have been observed to become deregulated with the onset of obesity, resulting in a reduced lev
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In conclusion we have demonstrated that
2024-07-16
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ,-diaryl-1-pyrazolo[3,4-]pyrimidine-3,6-diamines represent a novel class of ACK1 inhibitors. The presence of a polar substituent at C-4 of the N-6 aryl ring was shown to be unnecessary for maintaining high levels of inhibitory activity. Furthermore, selectivi
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br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br
2024-07-16
Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Synapses are fundamental units for efficient communication between neurons and their target cells. Despite significant progress in understanding the structure of matured synapses, less is known about the mechanisms by which neurotransmitt
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Whereas more research is needed to identify the
2024-07-16
Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the Anisodamine that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely reversed the be
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