• Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupt Maxim Maxim is a shrub belon

  2020-12-12

  

  Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupt. & Maxim.) Maxim is a shrub belonging to the Araliaceae, which is commonly distributed in China, Korea, Japan and Russia. It has been traditionally used as folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, and hepatitis (Nan et al., 2004). Recent phytochemical

• Nitric oxide NO is synthesized by conversion of the l

  2020-12-12

  

  Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by conversion of the l-arginine to NO and l-citrulline through reaction which is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) (Knowles and Moncada, 1994). NO as an important molecule not only play a role as second messenger but also binds to cytochrome c oxidase and de

• Various domains of DDR have been

  2020-12-12

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

• br DDR role in kidney Thirty

  2020-12-12

  

  DDR1 role in kidney Thirty-eight papers are reported in PubMed upon the keyword search “DDR1 AND kidney”. Careful examination of those papers shows that only 31 are related to DDR1's role in glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis, 24 of those being research and the rest review articles. Since the

• br Introduction Natural killer NK cells have an

  2020-12-12

  

  Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells have an unique ability to directly lyse transformed, virus-infected or stressed cells without prior sensitization or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restriction [1], [2]. They were initially defined and shown to be important effectors of the i

• The notion that a small subset

  2020-12-11

  

  The notion that a small subset of inducible cellular transcripts, encoding immunological important factors, is translocated across the nuclear envelope by the karyopherin CRM1 is gaining support from various recent studies. For example, experimental evidence has been provided demonstrating that the

• Nucleocytoplasmic transport systems play a critical role in

  2020-12-11

  

  Nucleocytoplasmic transport systems play a critical role in intracellular localization and regulation of proteins in each cell. This balance is quite important and is typically uncontrolled in cancer cells. Specific localization of tumor suppressor and oncoproteins is quite important because any abn

• Previous studies have shown the harmful effects of

  2020-12-11

  

  Previous studies have shown the harmful effects of NEFA on ovarian functionality, such as inhibition of bovine granulosa cell survival and proliferation, steroidogenesis, and follicular development and alteration in oocyte development [36,45,46]. Therefore, the higher levels of NEFA found in the fol

• The desire for COTS products and some potential problems The

  2020-12-11

  

  The desire for COTS products––and some potential problems There are also technological reasons in support of the use of OTS products. For example, Dawkins and Riddle (2000) point out that the relatively small safety-related systems market cannot sustain the rate of technological advancement stimula

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cell cycle arrest or

  2020-12-11

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cell cycle arrest or delay may occur at 3 major checkpoints, i.e. G1/S, intra-S and G2/M. p53 has a central role in controlling the G1/S checkpoint, and its loss or deactivation, occurring in the majority of cancers, forces cancer cells to rely on the S and G2/M ch

• Chk is dramatically induce by the IL family of cytokines

  2020-12-11

  

  Chk is dramatically induce by the IL-4 family of cytokines and equally dramatically inhibited by IFN-γ, a regulation that appears to be specific for human monocytes. In primary human T cells, Chk is not normally present, but it can be induced by potent activators of T E3330 such as PHA or IL-2 ((Mc

• Astrocytes play a key role in

  2020-12-11

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• The most common pathology associated with

  2020-12-11

  

  The most common pathology associated with FGR is poor placental perfusion as a result of abnormal placentation [4]. Placental developmental disorders and insufficient hormone synthesis may lead to FGR [5,6]. However, the exact mechanism responsible for abnormal placental development remains unclear.

• Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore A rely on the

  2020-12-11

  

  Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore A23187 rely on the synthesis of cAMP by sAC to elicit exocytosis in human sperm (Fig. 2E-H and [8], [60]). We had reported earlier that digestion of endogenous cAMP with recombinant cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4D [9] or inhibition of its synthesis with

• Protein ubiquitination occurs at the

  2020-12-11

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

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